AgingResearch.News

Mitochondrial dysfunction

Hallmark of aging147 papers43 findings

Studies in human and rodent cells, mice, and worms demonstrate that genetic disruptions and metabolic stress drive mitochondrial dysfunction. Reviews link this dysfunction to cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease in humans.

  • Humans6
  • Animals40
  • Model organisms11
  • Cells19
  • In silico1

Interventions

15

Natural products

downin reviews1

1 study
  1. Natural products decrease mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Reviewin diabetic kidney diseasekidney

    The Role of Natural Products in Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Underlying Mechanisms · Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 30 Sep 2026

Natural products →

SEX-1 knockdown

upin worms1

1 study
  1. SEX-1 knockdown induces mitochondrial dysfunction in worms.

    Model organismsloss of function

    A PPAR-gamma counterpart protects worm neurons by coordinating lipids and mitochondria · bioRxiv · 29 Sep 2026 · Preprint

SEX-1 knockdown →

CRLS1 deletion

upin mice1

1 study
  1. CRLS1 deletion induces mitochondrial dysfunction in mice.

    Animalsinducible tissue-specific deletion in young miceinducible tissue-specific deletionskeletal muscle

    Cardiolipin loss drives muscle fiber shifts during aging via a nuclear receptor · Nature aging · 29 Sep 2026

CRLS1 deletion →

SOD2 proximal apa site mutation

upin fission yeast cells1

1 study
  1. SOD2 proximal apa site mutation increases mitochondrial dysfunction in fission yeast cells.

    Cellsin a mitophagy-deficient (atg43Δ) background

    Alternative polyadenylation regulates mitochondrial sod2 during yeast quiescence transitions · bioRxiv · 28 Sep 2026 · Preprint

SOD2 proximal apa site mutation →

Mitomycin c

no changein human cells1

1 study
  1. Mitomycin c has no effect on mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells.

    Cellsumbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell1.5 μg/mL7 days

    Stress-Induced Senescence of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Caused by Mitomycin C · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 28 Sep 2026

Mitomycin c →

Astragaloside iv

downin mouse cells1

1 study
  1. Astragaloside iv protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse cells.

    Cellscardiomyocyte

    Astragaloside IV reduces cardiac aging in mice by restoring mitochondrial balance · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 28 Sep 2026

Astragaloside iv →

Tfam knockdown

upin mice1

1 study
  1. Tfam knockdown induces mitochondrial dysfunction in mice.

    AnimalsCD8+ T cell-specific haploinsufficiencyCD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

    TFAM deficiency in T cells worsens viral lung pathology and weakens immunity · bioRxiv · 27 Sep 2026 · Preprint

Tfam knockdown →

GRTP1 knockout

upin mice1

1 study
  1. GRTP1 knockout induces mitochondrial dysfunction in mice.

    “Grtp1 ablation recapitulates aging phenotypes, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired spermatogenesis, and offspring anxiety and social deficits.”

    Animalsgermlinemales

    Protein Grtp1 protects male germlines from aging and prevents offspring behavioral deficits · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 27 Sep 2026

GRTP1 knockout →

Inotodiol

downin mice1

1 study
  1. Inotodiol decreases mitochondrial dysfunction in mice.

    Animalsskeletal muscle

    Inotodiol preserves muscle mass and function in aged mice · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 25 Sep 2026

Inotodiol →

High-fat diet

upin mice1

1 study
  1. High-fat diet increases mitochondrial dysfunction in mice.

    Animalscombined with chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition (L-NAME) in aged miceleft ventricular muscle

    Impaired mitochondrial proteostasis underlies cardiomyocyte bioenergetic dysfunction in a murine 3-hit model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction · American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 19 Sep 2026

High-fat diet →

All 15

Melissic acid

downin human cells1

1 study
  1. Melissic acid decreases mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells.

    Cellsstem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

    Melissic acid reduces senescence in human stem cells via cAMP signaling · Frontiers in pharmacology · 17 Sep 2026

Melissic acid →

Hyperglycemia

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Hyperglycemia induces mitochondrial dysfunction in humans.

    “Chronic hyperglycaemia activates multiple pathogenic pathways, including the polyol, hexosamine, protein kinase C (PKC), and advanced glycation end-product pathways, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation”

    Reviewchronicproximal tubular epithelial cell

    Hyperglycaemia-induced molecular reprogramming of proximal tubular epithelial cells and its contribution to diabetic kidney disease progression-a narrative review · Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 10 Sep 2026

Hyperglycemia →

Cornus officinalis

downin reviews1

1 study
  1. Cornus officinalis decreases mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Review

    Cornus officinalis Fruit in the Modulation of Aging-Related Cellular Pathways: a short review · Journal of pharmacopuncture · 1 Sep 2026

Cornus officinalis →

Ergothioneine-derived carbon dots

downin cells1

1 study
  1. Ergothioneine-derived carbon dots decrease mitochondrial dysfunction in cells.

    “EGT-Fe-CDs also reduced mitochondrial damage associated with excess ROS.”

    CellsEGT-Fe-CDs

    Ergothioneine carbon dot nanozymes reduce intervertebral disc degeneration in an animal model · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 28 Aug 2026

Ergothioneine-derived carbon dots →

FUNDC1 knockdown

upin human cells1

1 study
  1. FUNDC1 knockdown increases mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells.

    “FUNDC1 knockdown aggravated photoaging-associated phenotypes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered autophagy/mitophagy-related activity”

    Cellsunder UVA exposurehuman dermal fibroblast

    FUNDC1 protects skin against UVA damage through mitophagy and P53 stability · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 25 Aug 2026

FUNDC1 knockdown →

Effects

6

Chronic inflammation

upin humans1upin reviews1

2 studies
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces chronic inflammation.

    Review

    Mitochondria and associated complexes as therapeutic targets in aging: From biomacromolecular structure-function insights to clinical translation · Mitochondrion · 1 Oct 2026

  2. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases chronic inflammation in humans.

    Review

    Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome as a mitochondrial systems disorder · Nature reviews. Nephrology · 24 Sep 2026

Chronic inflammation →

Cellular senescence

upin humans1upin reviews1

2 studies
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces cellular senescence.

    Review

    Mitochondria and associated complexes as therapeutic targets in aging: From biomacromolecular structure-function insights to clinical translation · Mitochondrion · 1 Oct 2026

  2. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces cellular senescence in humans.

    “These interconnected processes promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching, apoptosis, and senescence”

    Reviewvascular smooth muscle cell

    Mitochondrial dysfunction in aortic aneurysm and dissection: mechanisms and therapeutic implications · Frontiers in pharmacology · 10 Sep 2026

Cellular senescence →

Apoptosis

upin reviews1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction activates apoptosis.

    Review

    Redox-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Neurotoxicity: Regulated Cell Death Pathways and Neuroprotective Strategies · Ageing research reviews · 30 Sep 2026

Apoptosis →

Tau protein

upin human cells1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases tau protein in human cells.

    Cells

    Chronic mitochondrial DNA depletion alters MAPT splicing and increases tau levels · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 29 Sep 2026

Tau protein →

Bioenergetic reserve

downin humans1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction decreases bioenergetic reserve in humans.

    Review

    Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome as a mitochondrial systems disorder · Nature reviews. Nephrology · 24 Sep 2026

Pancreatic beta cell

downin humans1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs pancreatic beta cell in humans.

    Reviewin T2Dpancreatic beta cell

    Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapies · Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 23 Sep 2026

Upstream

5

Oxidative stress and ROS signalling

upin humans1upin reviews1

2 studies
  1. Oxidative stress and ROS signalling induces mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Review

    Redox-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Neurotoxicity: Regulated Cell Death Pathways and Neuroprotective Strategies · Ageing research reviews · 30 Sep 2026

  2. Oxidative stress and ROS signalling induces mitochondrial dysfunction in humans.

    “Excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, combined with declining antioxidant defenses, contributes to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction”

    Review

    From Retina to Vasculature: Oxidative Stress as a Common Mechanistic Link Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Disease · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 9 Sep 2026

Oxidative stress and ROS signalling →

Igf1

downin mouse cells1

1 study
  1. Igf1 decreases mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse cells.

    “IGF-1 deficiency suppressed SLC25A33 expression in vitro, leading to mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) accumulation”

    CellsIGF-1 deficiency in vitropericyte

    IGF-1 and SLC25A33 preserve cochlear blood barrier integrity in aged mice · Aging cell · 30 Sep 2026

Igf1 →

Epigenetic alterations

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Epigenetic alterations increase mitochondrial dysfunction in humans.

    Reviewin chronic environmental exposuresbrain

    Neuroepigenetics of the Environmental Exposome: Molecular and Clinical Implications in Neurodegeneration · The neurologist · 28 Sep 2026

Epigenetic alterations →

SIRT1

downin reviews1

1 study
  1. SIRT1 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction.

    “SIRT1 maintains mitochondrial function through three interconnected pathways: PGC-1α-driven mitochondria biogenesis, FOXO-dependent antioxidant defense, and mitophagic clearance of damaged organelles.”

    Review

    SIRT1 in Senescence: Mitochondria and Immune Crosstalk · Biology · 8 Sep 2026

SIRT1 →

Ceramides

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Ceramides induce mitochondrial dysfunction in humans.

    Reviewcardiomyocyte

    Heart Failure: Lipid Metabolism Disorders Driving Cellular Senescence Through a Vicious Cycle, and Possible Intervention Strategies · Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 1 Aug 2026

Ceramides →

Associations

13

Type 2 diabetes

upin humans2

2 studies
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with type 2 diabetes in humans.

    Review

    Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapies · Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 23 Sep 2026

  2. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with type 2 diabetes in humans.

    “Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy remain fundamental, yet incompletely understood, mechanisms driving pancreatic β-cell failure, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and diabetic complications.”

    Review

    Mitophagy and Noncoding RNA Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms, Tissue-Specific Evidence and Translational Perspective · Biomedicines · 24 Aug 2026

Type 2 diabetes →

Cellular senescence

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Cellular senescence is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in humans.

    Review

    Crosstalk between exosomes and cellular senescence: A core vicious loop promoting α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease · Neural regeneration research · 30 Sep 2026

Cellular senescence →

Age-related hearing loss

upin reviews1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with age-related hearing loss.

    Reviewcochlea

    Therapeutic Timing at Mitochondrial Redox-Autophagy-Mitophagy Checkpoints in Age-Related Hearing Loss · Molecular neurobiology · 30 Sep 2026

Age-related hearing loss →

TFAM

downin human cells1

1 study
  1. TFAM is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells.

    CellsagingCD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

    TFAM deficiency in T cells worsens viral lung pathology and weakens immunity · bioRxiv · 27 Sep 2026 · Preprint

TFAM →

Homo sapiens

upin human cells1

1 study
  1. Homo sapiens are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells.

    Cellsduring agingneuron

    Human neurons accumulate far more mutations over lifespan than shorter-lived mammals · bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 24 Sep 2026 · Preprint

Homo sapiens →

Lipid and ceramide metabolism

upin reviews1

1 study
  1. Lipid and ceramide metabolism is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Reviewjoint

    Lipid Networks in Osteoarthritis: Context-Dependent Drivers, Hallmarks of Aging, and Clinical Translation · Aging and disease · 23 Sep 2026

Lipid and ceramide metabolism →

Dementia

upin reviews1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with dementia.

    Reviewin Alzheimer's disease

    Mitohormesis linking metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration: implications for dementia and therapeutic strategies · Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 15 Sep 2026

Dementia →

Parkinson's disease

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with Parkinson's disease in humans.

    “Among these, mitochondrial dysfunction recurs across both familial and sporadic PD; however, this broad concept alone cannot explain disease heterogeneity.”

    Reviewacross both familial and sporadic PD

    Mitochondrial Quality Control Imbalance in the Heterogeneity of Parkinson's Disease: From Selective Vulnerability to Stratified Transformation · International journal of molecular sciences · 11 Sep 2026

Parkinson's disease →

Aortic aneurysm

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction raises the risk of aortic aneurysm in humans.

    “mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of AAD.”

    Reviewaorta

    Mitochondrial dysfunction in aortic aneurysm and dissection: mechanisms and therapeutic implications · Frontiers in pharmacology · 10 Sep 2026

Aortic aneurysm →

Chronic kidney disease

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction raises the risk of chronic kidney disease in humans.

    “Growing evidence identifies oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as central drivers of renal injury and disease progression across diverse etiologies.”

    Reviewkidney

    Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 4 Sep 2026

Chronic kidney disease →

All 13

Chronic inflammation

upin human cells1

1 study
  1. Chronic inflammation is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells.

    Cellsin high proinflammatory response THP-1 cybridsTHP-1

    Increased mtDNA Polymorphism Level and Defective Mitophagy are Associated With Proinflammatory Activation in THP-1-Based Cybrids · Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition) · 1 Sep 2026

Chronic inflammation →

Ferroptosis

upin reviews1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ferroptosis.

    “allowing lipid peroxide accumulation to shift senescence-like foam cells toward ferroptosis susceptibility and defective plaque resolution.”

    Reviewfoam cell

    Mitochondrial Redox Failure Links Senescence-like Foam Cell Stress to Ferroptosis and Plaque Non-Resolution in Atherosclerosis · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 25 Aug 2026

Ferroptosis →

Infertility

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with infertility in humans.

    Reviewin reproductive aging

    Mitochondrial-Targeted Phytochemicals in Reproductive Aging: Mechanisms and Translational Potential · Reproductive medicine and biology · 1 Jan 2026

Infertility →

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