A three-region model scored 0.81 versus 0.79 for a whole-brain model on a measure of how well it ranked death risk.A three-region model scored 0.81 versus 0.79 for a whole-brain model on a measure of how well it ranked death risk. In an observational study, researchers followed 1,240 adults living in the community for 10 years, during which 120 died.
An eight-week experiment in 22-month-old mice found comparable benefits in males and females given a ketogenic diet rather than standard chow.An eight-week experiment in 22-month-old mice found comparable benefits in males and females given a ketogenic diet rather than standard chow. The ketogenic diet increased heart levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone the body uses as fuel.
A screen of 3,985 bacterial strains identified an iron-gathering molecule whose effects in worms depended on a stress response in cells’…A screen of 3,985 bacterial strains identified an iron-gathering molecule whose effects in worms depended on a stress response in cells’ energy-producing structures. In experiments with Caenorhabditis elegans worms, researchers screened 3,985 Escherichia coli bacterial strains, each…
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See PlusA screen of 2,782 drugs approved by US regulators identified 31 that reproducibly increased heat-stress resistance in worms.A screen of 2,782 drugs approved by US regulators identified 31 that reproducibly increased heat-stress resistance in worms. In experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans worms, researchers screened 2,782 drugs approved by US regulators.
In 1,199 adults, gut microbiota composition explained more variance than age for 97% of inflammatory cytokines and 84% of tested physiological…In 1,199 adults, gut microbiota composition explained more variance than age for 97% of inflammatory cytokines and 84% of tested physiological measures. In an observational cohort study, researchers analysed gut bacteria, 30 immune signalling proteins called cytokines, and 19 physiological…
In aged mice, lacking Sestrin1 worsened liver cell senescence and fat buildup, and the protein proved indispensable for the liver benefits of…In aged mice, lacking Sestrin1 worsened liver cell senescence and fat buildup, and the protein proved indispensable for the liver benefits of exercise. In an experiment in C57BL/6J mice across young, middle, and old ages, researchers tracked liver aging alongside mice lacking either the…
Over 12 months, adults with mild cognitive impairment scored 1 point higher on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment than controls maintaining usual…Over 12 months, adults with mild cognitive impairment scored 1 point higher on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment than controls maintaining usual activity. The randomised trial enrolled 198 community-dwelling Caucasian adults aged 50–70 with mild cognitive impairment, a decline in memory or…
In 7,028 patients tested separately, the score distinguished those who died from survivors with a prediction-performance measure of 0.78.In 7,028 patients tested separately, the score distinguished those who died from survivors with a prediction-performance measure of 0.78. Researchers analysed 28,509 patients undergoing scans to assess blood flow to the heart in an observational study at 12 centres across four countries.
An observational study of 101 adults aged 30–85 without cognitive impairment found no overall sex differences in a small brain region’s signals or…An observational study of 101 adults aged 30–85 without cognitive impairment found no overall sex differences in a small brain region’s signals or activity. They measured signals from the locus coeruleus, a small brain region, and its activity during a task designed to evoke emotion.
After accounting for demographic and social factors and multiple illnesses, death-risk ranking scores were 0.723 for brief screening, 0.731 for…After accounting for demographic and social factors and multiple illnesses, death-risk ranking scores were 0.723 for brief screening, 0.731 for comprehensive assessment and 0.736 for statistical scoring.
In an animal experiment, limiting daily eating hours altered gut bacteria and boosted acetic acid, easing high blood pressure and artery stiffness.In an animal experiment, limiting daily eating hours altered gut bacteria and boosted acetic acid, easing high blood pressure and artery stiffness. In an animal experiment, researchers tested how time-restricted feeding, which limits food intake to set daily hours, affected accelerated…
In postmenopausal women with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, an eight-week elastic band workout reduced a liver fat measure…In postmenopausal women with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, an eight-week elastic band workout reduced a liver fat measure by 36.77 dB/m against controls.
Rare-variant carriers had a 58% smaller age-related reduction in one brain region's glucose use than typical carriers of an inherited Alzheimer's…Rare-variant carriers had a 58% smaller age-related reduction in one brain region's glucose use than typical carriers of an inherited Alzheimer's variant. An observational study compared seven people carrying both the rare APOE3 Christchurch genetic variant and a variant causing inherited…
An animal study mapped gene activity in mouse livers of multiple ages, linking senescence patterns to changes in gene patterns defining specialised…An animal study mapped gene activity in mouse livers of multiple ages, linking senescence patterns to changes in gene patterns defining specialised liver zones. They examined cellular senescence, a state in which cells stop dividing, alongside the liver’s zones of specialised metabolic…
In independent test samples, age estimates from Hungarian medical histories were off by an average of 7.78 years compared with actual ages.In independent test samples, age estimates from Hungarian medical histories were off by an average of 7.78 years compared with actual ages. In a computational study, researchers analysed diagnosis records covering the whole Hungarian population, approximately 9.5 million people, between…
Frailty scores worsened slightly less with one diabetes drug class than another over roughly 27 months, with an estimated difference in change of…Frailty scores worsened slightly less with one diabetes drug class than another over roughly 27 months, with an estimated difference in change of −0.0010. Adults with diabetes formed five matched groups in a retrospective observational study using Veterans Health records from 2006–2021.
In mice, restoring the hormone osteocalcin improved motor function in old age by supporting cellular recycling and energy production in spinal motor…In mice, restoring the hormone osteocalcin improved motor function in old age by supporting cellular recycling and energy production in spinal motor neurons. In experiments in mice, researchers tested how chemical signals from bone affect nerve cells in the spinal cord that control…
In older Chinese adults, each one-microgram rise in indoor fine particles per cubic metre was linked to a 0.3% higher risk of death.In older Chinese adults, each one-microgram rise in indoor fine particles per cubic metre was linked to a 0.3% higher risk of death. In a nationwide prospective cohort study, researchers tracked 12,607 older adults in China with an average age of nearly 87 years from 2008 to 2018.
In human lung cells that had stopped dividing, laboratory experiments found that acetate also reduced inflammatory responses.In human lung cells that had stopped dividing, laboratory experiments found that acetate also reduced inflammatory responses. Researchers used human lung fibroblasts, cells that make connective tissue, and mice in laboratory experiments on influenza A virus.
Average body weight fell between 13.6% and 19.7% across drug doses compared with 2.0% on placebo over 24 weeks.Average body weight fell between 13.6% and 19.7% across drug doses compared with 2.0% on placebo over 24 weeks. In a multicentre, double-blind randomised trial, researchers tested the drug UBT251 in 205 adults with overweight or obesity aged 18 to 61 years without type 2 diabetes.
Genetic experiments in worms found that disrupting a muscle protein’s entry into cell nuclei preserved gene activity for the machinery of contraction…Genetic experiments in worms found that disrupting a muscle protein’s entry into cell nuclei preserved gene activity for the machinery of contraction during aging. In Caenorhabditis elegans worms, researchers used a genetic screening experiment to track muscle aging in cells and whole…
In 315,313 UK Biobank participants followed for 14 years, a healthy lifestyle was linked to lower risks of seven illnesses, with hazard ratios between…In 315,313 UK Biobank participants followed for 14 years, a healthy lifestyle was linked to lower risks of seven illnesses, with hazard ratios between 0.43 and 0.80. In an observational study of 315,313 unrelated individuals from the UK Biobank cohort, researchers analysed how lifestyle…
A bone-supporting scaffold plus metformin accelerated new bone formation in aged mice, most clearly when bone-forming cells lacked a protein involved…A bone-supporting scaffold plus metformin accelerated new bone formation in aged mice, most clearly when bone-forming cells lacked a protein involved in energy metabolism. In aged mice with defects in their thigh bones, researchers tested a locally placed, bone-supporting scaffold…
In a six-month trial of 51 people with vascular mild cognitive impairment, lower volumes of bright brain areas were linked to greater symptom…In a six-month trial of 51 people with vascular mild cognitive impairment, lower volumes of bright brain areas were linked to greater symptom reductions. Participants received either 2,400 mg of N-acetylcysteine daily or a placebo, alongside exercise, for six months.
Melanoma cells multiplied more in lab experiments with higher doses of spondin 1, a protein researchers attached to a surface.Melanoma cells multiplied more in lab experiments with higher doses of spondin 1, a protein researchers attached to a surface. In a melanoma model, the team traced cells using a labelling system linked to p16, a protein used to mark senescence, a state in which cells stop dividing.
In predicting disease onset from biomedical measurements, the model beat the second-best system by over 10 percentage points across 1,162 tasks.In predicting disease onset from biomedical measurements, the model beat the second-best system by over 10 percentage points across 1,162 tasks. In a computational study, researchers built and evaluated an artificial intelligence model using 12.4 million training examples, which included…
An observational study of 953 women in the Philippines linked two inflammation measures to poorer physical and cognitive function and new diabetes and…An observational study of 953 women in the Philippines linked two inflammation measures to poorer physical and cognitive function and new diabetes and hypertension seven years later. At the start, they measured C-reactive protein, a blood protein used to assess inflammation.
A randomised, double-blind trial also found changes in gut bacteria, including suppression of bacteria that produce an enzyme involved in processing…A randomised, double-blind trial also found changes in gut bacteria, including suppression of bacteria that produce an enzyme involved in processing bile acids. In a randomised, double-blind trial in older adults, researchers tested BL-99, a probiotic strain of the bacterium…
An observational study of 1,037 people aged 45 linked faster physical development in childhood to faster aging, but faster social development to…An observational study of 1,037 people aged 45 linked faster physical development in childhood to faster aging, but faster social development to slower aging. In an observational analysis, researchers studied 1,037 people aged 45 in the Dunedin Study and 1,537 people aged 33–44 in the Add…
Experiments with three-layer vessels built from human cells found that support cells increased several vascular disease features in a model of…Experiments with three-layer vessels built from human cells found that support cells increased several vascular disease features in a model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
An experiment in Drosophila flies found changes in movement, sleep and brain structure in both sexes, with more severe movement deficits in males.An experiment in Drosophila flies found changes in movement, sleep and brain structure in both sexes, with more severe movement deficits in males. In experiments in Drosophila flies, researchers disabled the activity of Trabid, an enzyme that removes ubiquitin, a small protein tag, from…
An observational study of 657 patients found that combining the two measures improved risk prediction beyond standard clinical factors.An observational study of 657 patients found that combining the two measures improved risk prediction beyond standard clinical factors. An observational study examined 657 patients undergoing elective vascular surgery—planned operations on blood vessels—at one centre from 2014 to 2023.
The model scored 0.952 for distinguishing scans with fractures from those without, compared with 0.913 for an earlier detection-only model.The model scored 0.952 for distinguishing scans with fractures from those without, compared with 0.913 for an earlier detection-only model. In a computational study, researchers used spine scans from 1,000 community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older in the Korean Urban Rural Elderly cohort.
The algorithm’s accuracy measures exceeded 84.8% against a reference device in a randomised trial of 406 postmenopausal women who were overweight.The algorithm’s accuracy measures exceeded 84.8% against a reference device in a randomised trial of 406 postmenopausal women who were overweight. It analysed hip-worn movement-sensor data collected during everyday life.
In older Japanese adults, those with the highest carbohydrate-to-fat ratio had 1.92 times the odds of frailty compared with those in the lowest…In older Japanese adults, those with the highest carbohydrate-to-fat ratio had 1.92 times the odds of frailty compared with those in the lowest quartile. Researchers analysed cross-sectional data from 5,679 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 65 years and older to investigate how the…
Among people with a brief stroke-like attack, 44 coronary heart disease events (81.5%) occurred more than 12 months later.Among people with a brief stroke-like attack, 44 coronary heart disease events (81.5%) occurred more than 12 months later. An observational cohort study followed 286 people with a first transient ischaemic attack, a brief episode of stroke-like symptoms, and 858 matched people without one.
In aged mice, treatment after injury cleared inflammatory cells faster, expanded muscle-forming cells, and trended toward improved muscle contraction.In aged mice, treatment after injury cleared inflammatory cells faster, expanded muscle-forming cells, and trended toward improved muscle contraction. In an experiment in aged mice and cultured cells, researchers tested whether Resolvin E1, a lipid molecule involved in stopping…
The two-year combined outcome rate was 15.6% for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus 19.9% for renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, the…The two-year combined outcome rate was 15.6% for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus 19.9% for renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, the comparison drug class. Adults with chronic kidney disease and no previous heart failure were studied in an observational cohort analysis of…
In a fly experiment, ten days of restricted feeding reduced stored fat compared with unrestricted feeding, and the loss persisted when unrestricted…In a fly experiment, ten days of restricted feeding reduced stored fat compared with unrestricted feeding, and the loss persisted when unrestricted feeding resumed. In Drosophila fruit flies, researchers tested intermittent time-restricted feeding, which limits the hours when food is…
Participants exceeding 69.8 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity daily had a hazard ratio—a measure of relative risk—of 0.68 compared with the…Participants exceeding 69.8 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity daily had a hazard ratio—a measure of relative risk—of 0.68 compared with the lowest activity group. An observational study followed 5,186 participants from The Maastricht Study, with a mean age of 59.3 years; 52.4% were…
Experiments in models of neurons that regulate energy balance found cell enlargement and other senescence-like changes after researchers removed or…Experiments in models of neurons that regulate energy balance found cell enlargement and other senescence-like changes after researchers removed or reduced selenoprotein T. Researchers studied pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neuronal models, which represent brain cells that regulate energy…
Prediction scores reached 0.954 at 12 months and 0.969 at 24 months, outperforming features from unadjusted cartilage maps.Prediction scores reached 0.954 at 12 months and 0.969 at 24 months, outperforming features from unadjusted cartilage maps. In a modelling study, researchers built reference charts from 5,045 magnetic resonance imaging scans of 957 knees that remained normal on X-rays in the Osteoarthritis…