A randomised, double-blind trial also found changes in gut bacteria, including suppression of bacteria that produce an enzyme involved in processing…A randomised, double-blind trial also found changes in gut bacteria, including suppression of bacteria that produce an enzyme involved in processing bile acids. In a randomised, double-blind trial in older adults, researchers tested BL-99, a probiotic strain of the bacterium…
An analysis of human lipids, molecules used in cell membranes, linked aging to longer fatty-acid chains and lower levels of shorter lipids.An analysis of human lipids, molecules used in cell membranes, linked aging to longer fatty-acid chains and lower levels of shorter lipids. In mice, Caenorhabditis elegans worms, Drosophila flies and humans, researchers analysed lipids across species and tissues.
The gap between scan-estimated and actual age exceeded age-matched controls by 7.64 years in schizophrenia and 7.61 years in frontotemporal dementia.The gap between scan-estimated and actual age exceeded age-matched controls by 7.64 years in schizophrenia and 7.61 years in frontotemporal dementia. An observational study compared brain scans from 1,737 patients with seven psychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders with those from 1,793…
In an observational study of 116 patients, detected urate was linked to odds of high-risk plaque 4.91 times those without detected urate.In an observational study of 116 patients, detected urate was linked to odds of high-risk plaque 4.91 times those without detected urate. Researchers studied 116 patients and 348 coronary arteries, which supply the heart, in an observational study.
An animal experiment in genetically engineered mice found that the variant prevented characteristic tissue changes and modestly increased median…An animal experiment in genetically engineered mice found that the variant prevented characteristic tissue changes and modestly increased median lifespan. Researchers tested a human protein variant in mice modelling Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, a disease that causes premature…
Three observational cohorts of Chinese adults aged 45 and older—12,491 surveyed in 2011–2015, 8,412 in 2004–2015 and 22,193 in 2010–2022—showed…Three observational cohorts of Chinese adults aged 45 and older—12,491 surveyed in 2011–2015, 8,412 in 2004–2015 and 22,193 in 2010–2022—showed similar disease links. Researchers compared each participant’s first and last eligible surveys using a network model that assessed associations in…
Researchers compared five protein-measuring methods in worms with mutations in an insulin-related signalling system, then used genetic screening to…Researchers compared five protein-measuring methods in worms with mutations in an insulin-related signalling system, then used genetic screening to identify longevity regulators.
Fat between thigh muscles fell 24.4% with a very low-carbohydrate diet versus 1.0% with a low-fat diet over eight weeks.Fat between thigh muscles fell 24.4% with a very low-carbohydrate diet versus 1.0% with a low-fat diet over eight weeks. Adults aged 60 or older with obesity took part in an eight-week randomised trial comparing diets designed to maintain weight.
An observational study of 18,921 adolescents linked poorer family circumstances and neighbourhood disadvantage to higher death risk over 29 years.An observational study of 18,921 adolescents linked poorer family circumstances and neighbourhood disadvantage to higher death risk over 29 years. Researchers studied 18,921 adolescents aged 12–19 in a nationally representative observational cohort.
Rising vulnerability was associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk than consistently low vulnerability, with a hazard ratio of 2.14 comparing…Rising vulnerability was associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk than consistently low vulnerability, with a hazard ratio of 2.14 comparing event rates over time. In 16,072 UK Biobank participants, researchers examined health vulnerability and cardiovascular disease, which…
Experiments in isolated retinal barrier B cells linked aging and the availability of immunoglobulin M, a type of antibody, to how active the cells…Experiments in isolated retinal barrier B cells linked aging and the availability of immunoglobulin M, a type of antibody, to how active the cells were. In cell experiments, researchers studied B cells isolated from the retinal pigment epithelium, a layer of cells that supports the retina.
The algorithm’s accuracy measures exceeded 84.8% against a reference device in a randomised trial of 406 postmenopausal women who were overweight.The algorithm’s accuracy measures exceeded 84.8% against a reference device in a randomised trial of 406 postmenopausal women who were overweight. It analysed hip-worn movement-sensor data collected during everyday life.
Estimated five-year risks were 6.61% versus 10.65% for death and 3.51% versus 4.85% for dementia, comparing lithium with valproate.Estimated five-year risks were 6.61% versus 10.65% for death and 3.51% versus 4.85% for dementia, comparing lithium with valproate. In a retrospective observational cohort study, researchers compared 22,098 adults aged 40 or older starting lithium with 22,098 starting valproate.
Experiments in mice with impaired DNA repair identified a female-specific metabolic pathway; a dietary supplement restored muscle force and metabolic…Experiments in mice with impaired DNA repair identified a female-specific metabolic pathway; a dietary supplement restored muscle force and metabolic profiles in females. Researchers studied mice with impaired DNA repair specifically in fast-twitch type II muscle fibres in an animal…
Experiments linked reduced bone formation to impaired sugar breakdown, while genetic changes that enhanced the process improved bone-forming cell…Experiments linked reduced bone formation to impaired sugar breakdown, while genetic changes that enhanced the process improved bone-forming cell function in aged mice. They used labelled molecules to track metabolism in living animals and analysed gene activity in bone.
In 6,896 adults, the index scored 0.893 for predicting death within three years, outperforming three existing age and health measures.In 6,896 adults, the index scored 0.893 for predicting death within three years, outperforming three existing age and health measures. In a retrospective cohort study, researchers analysed data from 6,896 adults in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005–2018.
One lung immune cell population increased more than 10-fold in old mice compared with younger mice.One lung immune cell population increased more than 10-fold in old mice compared with younger mice. Experiments in mice found that the lung environment in healthy old age changed the characteristics of alveolar macrophages, immune cells that help keep lungs healthy.
A randomised survey experiment compared web-first and in-person methods as the Add Health cohort entered midlife, finding differences in some…A randomised survey experiment compared web-first and in-person methods as the Add Health cohort entered midlife, finding differences in some sensitive health and behaviour questions.
In two prospective cohorts, each standard deviation increase in estimated glucose disposal rate was associated with a 40% lower risk of multiple…In two prospective cohorts, each standard deviation increase in estimated glucose disposal rate was associated with a 40% lower risk of multiple cardiometabolic diseases. Researchers analysed prospective cohort data from 14,970 middle-aged and older adults in the English Longitudinal Study…
Cell experiments identified a previously unknown protein form that responded to DNA damage and triggered senescence, a state in which cells stop…Cell experiments identified a previously unknown protein form that responded to DNA damage and triggered senescence, a state in which cells stop dividing. They named it Δ246p53.
In adults with preclinical obesity, ultrasound-defined fatty liver was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.59 for progression to clinical…In adults with preclinical obesity, ultrasound-defined fatty liver was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.59 for progression to clinical obesity. Researchers followed 18,955 adults with preclinical obesity, meaning excess body fat without established organ dysfunction, in a…
A two-year randomised trial in 1,260 older adults at risk of dementia found no clear evidence that starting blood markers altered cognitive benefits.A two-year randomised trial in 1,260 older adults at risk of dementia found no clear evidence that starting blood markers altered cognitive benefits. This preprint reported a secondary analysis of blood markers linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
An observational study of 165 wild and zoo-housed bonobos aged 2 to 71 years found age-related patterns resembling those seen in humans.An observational study of 165 wild and zoo-housed bonobos aged 2 to 71 years found age-related patterns resembling those seen in humans. In both settings, older age was associated with greater bacterial diversity.
Across both cohorts, the odds ratio for frailty was 0.52 when comparing Spanish older adults in the highest versus lowest third of diet scores.Across both cohorts, the odds ratio for frailty was 0.52 when comparing Spanish older adults in the highest versus lowest third of diet scores. An observational study followed community-dwelling Spanish adults in two cohorts: 3,289 people aged 60 or older and 3,273 aged 65 or older.
Experiments found increased release of the hormone in aged mice with normal or reduced responses to insulin, which lowers blood sugar.Experiments found increased release of the hormone in aged mice with normal or reduced responses to insulin, which lowers blood sugar. They examined pancreatic alpha cells, which release glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar.
A yearly rise of at least 7.5% in mutated gene copies’ share best predicted cancer progression among patients with unexplained low counts of certain…A yearly rise of at least 7.5% in mutated gene copies’ share best predicted cancer progression among patients with unexplained low counts of certain white blood cells. An observational cohort study examined 256 patients with chronic idiopathic neutropenia, an unexplained, persistent…
Experiments in human and pig liver cells found that resveratrol’s ability to reverse toxin-induced changes depended on the species and liver function…Experiments in human and pig liver cells found that resveratrol’s ability to reverse toxin-induced changes depended on the species and liver function measured. Experiments in primary human and pig liver cells grown in the lab tested naturally occurring toxins at concentrations typical of…
Adults with at least three childhood adversities had 2.1 times the adjusted odds of sleep disturbances compared with those with none.Adults with at least three childhood adversities had 2.1 times the adjusted odds of sleep disturbances compared with those with none. An observational cohort study examined 5,533 adults aged 45 or older in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.
In 1,288 fertility patients, shorter sleep was linked to 1.89 times the odds of reduced egg reserves; the comparison group was not specified.In 1,288 fertility patients, shorter sleep was linked to 1.89 times the odds of reduced egg reserves; the comparison group was not specified. In 1,288 women aged 20–40 undergoing laboratory fertility procedures, researchers examined sleep and ovarian reserve, an estimate of the remaining…
Metformin users had lower blood clot risk than non-users, with a hazard ratio of 0.78, a measure comparing risk over time.Metformin users had lower blood clot risk than non-users, with a hazard ratio of 0.78, a measure comparing risk over time. A retrospective observational study examined 1,153 people aged 66 or older with diabetes and either polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia, two blood cancers.
In a rat experiment, cell-released packages from young donors had stronger tissue-repair effects than those from older donors after blood supply was…In a rat experiment, cell-released packages from young donors had stronger tissue-repair effects than those from older donors after blood supply was restricted. In a rat experiment, researchers restricted blood supply to one hindlimb and later injected muscle with exosomes, tiny…
In 130,489 Chinese adults with high blood pressure followed for 6–36 months, combined blood sugar and fat measures were more strongly linked to risk…In 130,489 Chinese adults with high blood pressure followed for 6–36 months, combined blood sugar and fat measures were more strongly linked to risk than traditional indicators.
An analysis of placental tissue linked the pregnancy complication to shorter chromosome ends, DNA damage and cells that had stopped dividing.An analysis of placental tissue linked the pregnancy complication to shorter chromosome ends, DNA damage and cells that had stopped dividing. Researchers studied primary placental tissue and trophoblast organoids, lab-grown models made from cells that help form the placenta.
Comparing people at different ages and tracking the same people over time agreed on effect direction for 84.21% of 57 identified DNA variants.Comparing people at different ages and tracking the same people over time agreed on effect direction for 84.21% of 57 identified DNA variants. In an observational analysis of human traits, researchers compared two approaches to estimating how genetic effects varied with age.
Experiments in middle-aged and aged mice found that an antibody targeting a stress-hormone signal reduced fat mass without reducing lean mass.Experiments in middle-aged and aged mice found that an antibody targeting a stress-hormone signal reduced fat mass without reducing lean mass. In experiments in mice, researchers tested an antibody that binds corticotrophin-releasing factor, a hormone involved in the stress response.
An observational study of 316 people with head and neck cancer tracked hearing during treatment with cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug.An observational study of 316 people with head and neck cancer tracked hearing during treatment with cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug. Researchers retrospectively analysed records from 316 patients with head and neck cancer who received cisplatin chemotherapy between January 2009 and June…
Blood metabolic profiles statistically accounted for 81.14% of the link with one biological age measure, compared with 19.92% for another and 32.27%…Blood metabolic profiles statistically accounted for 81.14% of the link with one biological age measure, compared with 19.92% for another and 32.27% for frailty. An observational study analysed 45,542 UK Biobank participants using data from 2006–2010.
Experiments in 15-month-old mice with reduced Nipsnap1, a protein involved in cell maintenance, found reduced gene activity linked to nerve-cell…Experiments in 15-month-old mice with reduced Nipsnap1, a protein involved in cell maintenance, found reduced gene activity linked to nerve-cell signalling and increased activity linked to inflammation.
