Metformin

1. Metformin improves pain-related behavior in rats.

   Animalscompared with untreated OA200 mg/kg30 daysmales

   Dose-dependent histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of metformin in experimental osteoarthritis · Clinical rheumatology · 28 Sep 2026

1. Metformin decreases structural joint damage in rats.

   Animalsmonosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritisjoint30 daysmales

   Dose-dependent histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of metformin in experimental osteoarthritis · Clinical rheumatology · 28 Sep 2026

1. Metformin decreases cartilage degeneration in rats.

   Animalsmonosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritiscartilage30 daysmales

   Dose-dependent histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of metformin in experimental osteoarthritis · Clinical rheumatology · 28 Sep 2026

1. Metformin activates AMPK signalling in D. discoideum.

   “Gene-expression analysis revealed the upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and core autophagy genes, indicating activation of an AMPK-linked pro-autophagy pathway involved in aggregate clearance.”

   Model organisms

   Drug-Induced Reduction in 80Q Aggregates in a Dictyostelium discoideum Model of PolyQ Disease · Biomedicines · 28 Aug 2026

AMPK signalling →

1. Metformin improves cell viability in D. discoideum.

   “All three compounds significantly improved viability and reduced doubling time in 80Q-expressing cells.”

   Model organismsin 80Q-expressing cells

   Drug-Induced Reduction in 80Q Aggregates in a Dictyostelium discoideum Model of PolyQ Disease · Biomedicines · 28 Aug 2026

1. Metformin decreases loss of proteostasis in D. discoideum.

   “Thioflavin T (ThT) and Congo Red assays demonstrated a marked reduction in amyloid-like polyQ aggregates following treatment.”

   Model organismsin 80Q-expressing cells

   Drug-Induced Reduction in 80Q Aggregates in a Dictyostelium discoideum Model of PolyQ Disease · Biomedicines · 28 Aug 2026

Loss of proteostasis →