PhenoAge
Biomarker8 papers9 findings
Human cohorts link PhenoAge to gout risk, dementia, mortality, cognitive function, C-reactive protein, body mass index, and telomere length. In a human trial in participants with prediabetes, a lifestyle modification programme decreased PhenoAge.
- Human trial1
- Humans7
Interventions
1Lifestyle modification program
downin humans1
1 study
Lifestyle modification program
downin humans1
Lifestyle modification program decreases PhenoAge in humans (-4.9 vs. +1.3 years).
“participants in the lifestyle modification program (LMP) showed a significant reduction in PhenoAge (-4.9 vs. +1.3 years; between-group p”
Human trialprediabetes6 monthsn = 181
Lifestyle modification reduces phenotypic age in adults with prediabetes · Frontiers in aging · 10 Sep 2026
Effects
1Dementia
mediatesin humans1HR 1.0062
1 study
Dementia
mediatesin humans1HR 1.0062
PhenoAge mediates dementia in humans (HR 1.0062, 95% CI 1.0002-1.0125).
Humanscombined with KDM-BA for childhood/adolescence smoking association13.67 yearsn = 285,009
Accelerated biological aging in the association between early-life tobacco smoke exposure and dementia risk: An exploratory mediation analysis · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 29 Sep 2026
Associations
6Gout
upin humans1HR 1.69
1 study
Gout
upin humans1HR 1.69
PhenoAge predicts gout in humans (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.60-1.78).
Humansin UKB cohort; incident gout
Accelerated biological aging links to higher gout risk and increased mortality · Maturitas · 25 Sep 2026
PhenoAge is associated with gout in humans (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05).
Humansin NHANES; per 1-year increase in advance
Accelerated biological aging links to higher gout risk and increased mortality · Maturitas · 25 Sep 2026
Mortality
upin humans1HR 1.45
1 study
Mortality
upin humans1HR 1.45
PhenoAge predicts mortality in humans (HR 1.45 (1.40 1.50)).
Humanson NHANES IV holdoutn = 24,650
Mechanistic biological age clock matches PhenoAge in predicting human mortality · bioRxiv · 30 Sep 2026 · Preprint
Cognitive function
downin humans1
1 study
Cognitive function
downin humans1
Cognitive function is associated with PhenoAge in humans (-9.72 ± 8.37 vs 0.00 ± 4.56 years; Cohen's d = -1.44).
Humansin Healthy Cognitive Agers aged ≥80 years maintaining MMSE = 30n = 80
Older adults with preserved cognition show slower biological aging and longer telomeres · Aging and disease · 23 Sep 2026
DNAmTL
downin humans1
1 study
DNAmTL
downin humans1
DNAmTL is associated with PhenoAge in humans.
“DNAmTL was inversely associated with both domains and did not differ significantly across domains.”
Humansboth mitotic and early-life systemic dysregulation domainsblood
Blood methylation clocks capture two distinct biological domains of aging · Genes · 9 Sep 2026
BMI
upin humans1
1 study
BMI
upin humans1
BMI is associated with PhenoAge in humans.
“Cross-domain tests confirmed significantly stronger associations for the early-life systemic dysregulation domain for CRP, BMI, and alcohol methylation”
Humansearly-life systemic dysregulation domainblood
Blood methylation clocks capture two distinct biological domains of aging · Genes · 9 Sep 2026
C-reactive protein
upin humans1
1 study
C-reactive protein
upin humans1
C-reactive protein is associated with PhenoAge in humans.
“CRP, BMI, alcohol methylation, and AHRR/cg05575921 were positively associated with the early-life systemic dysregulation domain”
Humansearly-life systemic dysregulation domainblood
Blood methylation clocks capture two distinct biological domains of aging · Genes · 9 Sep 2026
Latest
8Mechanistic biological age clock matches PhenoAge in predicting human mortality
The systems pharmacology model splits biological age into organ axes, revealing that pharmacological drops in inflammation may not translate to expected risk reductions.
Accelerated biological aging links to higher gout risk and increased mortality
Data from NHANES and the UK Biobank show phenotypic and biological age measures track with gout incidence and subsequent survival.
Older adults with preserved cognition show slower biological aging and longer telomeres
An observational study in Chile linked perfect Mini-Mental State Examination scores in people over 80 to slower epigenetic clocks and longer estimated telomeres.
Accelerated epigenetic aging predicts major depression and brain changes after trauma
Emergency department measurements of GrimAge and DunedinPACE biological aging markers tracked subsequent depressive symptoms and neural connectivity shifts in adults over 35.
Epigenetic age acceleration tracks lower baseline cognition and greater retest gains
In middle-aged adults, biological aging correlated with processing speed variability and baseline performance but did not predict cognitive change over time.
Blood methylation clocks capture two distinct biological domains of aging
Specific epigenetic measures track mitotic cell replication, while others capture systemic dysregulation driven by inflammation, metabolic factors, and lifestyle exposures.
Lifestyle modification reduces phenotypic age in adults with prediabetes
A six-month randomized trial in Arab adults found structured diet and exercise reduced biological age alongside metabolic markers.